Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions
This labs use catalase, an enzyme found in nearly all living organisms, to decompose peroxide in an exothermic reaction and citric acid and water to produce an endothermic reaction and a change in enthalpy (∆H).
Enthalpy of Combustion
Enthalpy of Combustion
By investigating the molar heat of combustion of paraffin compared to soy wax students measure the thermal heat absorbed by water, measure the heat of combustion of paraffin and soy wax and calculate the molar heat of the combustion of paraffin.
Synthesis of Biodiesel
Synthesis of Biodiesel
In this multi-lesson module students consider the physical properties of different oils used to make biodiesel and then make their own fuel. Students will then analyze the enthalpy of combustion of the biodiesel they have made.
Molar Mass Determination by Freezing Point Depression
Molar Mass Determination by Freezing Point Depression
Students determine the molar mass of an unknown fatty acid dissolved in a known fatty acid using freezing point depression and colligative properties. This lab replaces traditional experiments using hazardous organic solvents.
Empirical Formula
Empirical Formula
This lab replaces traditional labs that use the synthesis of magnesium oxide or the decomposition of silver oxide with a greener reaction using iron filings. By using 3% hydrogen peroxide and leaving the experiment for 3-4 days students can calculate the empirical formula of the rust.
Stoichiometry Challenge
Stoichiometry Challenge
This lab replaces a traditional aluminum to alum stoichiometry lab with a greener precipitation reaction of sodium carbonate and calcium chloride. It is used to demonstrate how stoichiometry works, showing that if concentrations and amounts of the starting materials are known that the theoretical yield can be calculated from a balanced chemical equation.
Chemical or Physical?
Chemical or Physical?
This lab replaces traditional reactions involving chemicals such as copper(II) chloride, 6M hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, and copper sulfate. The goal is to use observations of different types of reactions to discover common threads, ultimately leading to conclusions regarding evidence of chemical reactions. Students will ultimately learn the difference between chemical and physical changes and dispel common misconceptions; i.e. boiling water is not a chemical reaction.
Sublimation
Sublimation
This lab replaces the traditional naphthalene sublimation lab. Students will observe sublimation of caffeine from inexpensive pharmacy tablets and explain the type of change that occurred.
Essential Oil Extraction Using Liquid CO2
Essential Oil Extraction Using Liquid CO2
Students use dry ice to extract essential oils from citrus fruits and evaluate the methods used against the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry.
Freezing Point Determination
Freezing Point Determination
A modification of the Molar Mass Determination by Freezing Point Depression with a focus on the qualitative effects of colligative properties.
Solubility: Solutions
Solubility: Solutions
Students qualitatively and quantitatively describe the relationship between temperature and solubility for gases and solids. This lab uses two forms of magnesium (magnesium chloride and magnesium sulfate) to compare solubility of ionic solids and create a solubility curve.
Greening the Clock Reaction
Greening the Clock Reaction
This lesson replaces the traditional clock reaction use of iodate ions, hydrogen sulphite ions, mercury(II) ions and uses Vitamin C, tincture of iodine, 3% hydrogen peroxide and starch solution.
Equilibrium/Le Chatelier’s Principle
Equilibrium/Le Chatelier’s Principle
This lesson gives students an understanding of the concept of chemical equilibrium and demonstrates Le Chatelier’s Principle using inexpensive household materials.
Catalysts and Oxygen
Catalysts and Oxygen
This lab replaces manganese dioxide to demonstrate the effect of a catalyst in a reaction. Students will understand the effect of a catalyst on reaction rates and how a catalyst can improve the efficiency of a process.
Dye-Sensitized Blackberry Solar Cell
Dye-Sensitized Blackberry Solar Cell
Students build their own dye-sensitized solar cell using blackberry fruit as the dye. This lab highlights how current photovoltaic solar cells are manufactured and the green chemistry research towards greener solar energy.
Kit available from Flinn Scientific.
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